Spaces and exchanges: a mind-map

1) The clear-cut distinction:

The clear-cut distinction this mind-map it's based on, is the opposition between real spaces /exchanges, and virtual spaces/exchanges. Indeed, we can see that there are 3 big categories: "exchanges", "real spaces" and "virtual spaces". Then, there are many examples given for each category.


2) 10 types of spaces:

There are plenty types of spaces in the whole world. But it's better separate them as there are virtual and real spaces, which is an important distinction. 

If we start with the virtual spaces, we could define 4 different types:
- First, there are social networks. We can call it "social networking service", or also social media. This virtual space is an online platform which people use to build  or social relationship with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. There are different types of social networks as you can share photos on it (Instagram), messages (Twitter), or even both (Snapchat). One of the most famous 21th century social network is Facebook.
- Then, it exists web sites. A web site is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on one web server. There are public and private web sites, such as a company's internal website for the emplyees. Web sites are dedicated to a particular topic such as news, education, commerce, entertainment. Users can access websites on laptops, tablets and smartphones. 
- We can also explain what computer networks are. A computer network is a set of connected computers. Computers on a network are called nodes. Connected computers can share resources, like access to the Internet, printers, file servers, and others. A network is a multipurpose connection, which allows a single computer to do more.
- Finally, there is one more type of virtual space: chat rooms/ forums. An Internet forum is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations. They differ from chat rooms and the messages are often longer than one line of text, and are at least temporarily archived. Many people use to chat through forums as there are a large number of topics and themes on internet forums.

Then, let's talk about real spaces. We can find 6 different types of real spaces:
- We can explain first what global cities are. A global city, is a city that have a dense population but also a strategic geographical localisation and with considerable influence in terms of trade, culture and politics. London, NYC, Paris and Tokyo are global cities. The five major criteria of reference are: the extend of their business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural exprerience and political engagment.  
- A Central Business District (CBD) is the commercial and business center of a city. In larger cities, it is often synonymous with the city's financial district. Geographically, it often coincides with the "city center" or "downtown". For example, in Paris, "La Défense" is the CBD and in NYC, this is Manhattan. 
- We can talk about developed countries as a type of real space. A developed country or industrialized country is a sovereign country that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. The majority of developed countries are North's countries as scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark), countries localisated in West of Europe (France, UK, Holland, Germany...), and countries of North America (Canada and USA). 
- A suburb or suburban area is a mixed-use or residential area, existing either as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. Suburbs might have their political jurisdiction, especially in the United States, but this is not always the case, especially in the United Kingdom where suburbs are located within the administrative boundaries of cities. 
- Then, there are city centers. The city center is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city, especially those in the Western wold. In the city center, you would find shops, commerces, cultural patrimony (church, museum...etc) and in most cities, the housing is very expensive, like in NYC, in Paris or in Shanghai. 
- Finally, we can talk about small towns. A small town is a human settlement. Small towns are generally larger than villages but smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish them vary considerably between different parts of the world. Small towns are numerous in rural area as countryside. 

3) 10 types of exchanges:


There are plenty types of exchanges in the whole world. But it's better separate them as there are virtual and real exchanges, which is an important distinction.

We could start, explaining some of virtual exchanges:
- First, we can explain what e-commerce is. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, supply chain management and Internet marketing.
- We could aslo talk about text messaging. Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, between two or more users of mobile devices, desktops/laptops. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network, or may also be sent via an Internet connection. We can also talk about "SMS" (short message service) or "MMS" if users send multimedia (photos, videos, sound...). This way of communication is very used nowadays, thanks to the technology progress.
- Online gaming or online game is the fact to play video game through the Internet. Online games are ubiquitous on modern gaming platforms, including PCs, consoles and mobile devices, and span many genres, including first-person shooters, strategy games and massively multiplayer online role-playing games. 
-  Then, we could define what a social networking is. A social networking service (also social networking site or social media) is an online platform which people use to build social networks or social relationship with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. 
- Finally, we'll explain the news media corevage concept. The news media are forms of mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public or a target public. These include print media (newspapers, newsmagazines), broadcast news (radio and television), and more recently the Internet (online newspapers, news blogs, news videos, live news streaming, etc.). 

Now, we'll talk about real exchanges. We could define 5 types of real exchanges that exist.
- First of all, a student exchange program is a program in which students from a secondary school or university study abroad at one of their institution's partner institutions. During this exchange, students can improve their linguistic level and meet new people they could keep in touch with. 
- A mixed language is a language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. A mixed language arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages.
- Then, mass tourism is a travel by groups on pre-scheduled tours, usually under the organization of tourism professionals. This form of tourism developed during the second half of the 19th century in the United Kingdom and was pioneered by Thomas Cook. Cook took advantage of Europe's rapidly expanding railway network established a company that offered affordable day trip excursions to the masses, in addition to longer holidays to Continental Europe, India, Asia and the Western Hemisphere which attracted wealthier customers.
- If we say urban-rural migration, we can also talk about counterurbanization or de-urbanization which is a demographic and social process where people move from urban areas to rural areas. It first occurred as a reaction to inner-city deprivation. Nowadays, many people want to live in the countryside because it's more calm and resourcing than big cities.
- Finally, what global cultural events are? Global cultural events are events that relate to a specific culture or events that are representative of a culture (may be related to music, art or other similar things). For example, Coachella Valley is a music and art festival, Rio Carnaval in Brazil, a cultural event, and Wimbledon in England, a big tennis tournament. These 3 events are global cultural events as they attract a lot of people from different countries and they represent an important culture.